Create a 3-5 page submission in which you
develop a PICO(T) question for a specific care issue and evaluate the evidence
you locate, which could help to answer the question.
Introduction
PICO(T) is an acronym that helps researchers
and practitioners define aspects of a potential study or investigation.
It stands for:
P
Patient/population/problem.
I Intervention.
C Comparison (of
potential interventions, typically).
O Outcome(s).
T Time frame (if time
frame is relevant).
The end goal of applying PICO(T) is to develop
a questionthat can help guide the search for evidence (Boswell &
Cannon, 2015). From this perspective, a PICO(T) question can be a valuable
starting point for nurses who are starting to apply an evidence-based model or
EBPs. By taking the time to precisely define the areas in which the nurse will
be looking for evidence, searches become more efficient and effective.
Essentially, by precisely defining the types of evidence within specific areas,
the nurse will be more likely to discover relevant and useful evidence during
their search.When applying the PICO(T)approach, the nurse can
isolate the interventions of interest and compare to other existing
interventions for the evidenced impact on the outcome of the concern.
You are encouraged to complete the Vila Health
PICO(T) Process activity before you develop the plan proposal. This activity
offers an opportunity to practice working through creating a PICO(T) question
within the context of an issue at a Vila Health facility. These skills will be
necessary to complete Assessment 3 successfully. This is for your own practice
and self-assessment and demonstrates your engagement in the course.
Reference
Boswell, C., &
Cannon, S. (2015).Introduction to nursing research. Jones &
Bartlett Learning.
Professional Context
As a baccalaureate-prepared nurse, you will be
responsible for locating and identifying credible and scholarly resources to
incorporate the best available evidence for the purposes of enhancing clinical
reasoning and judgement skills. When reliable and relevant evidence-based
findings are utilized, patients, health care systems, and nursing practice
outcomes are positively impacted.
PICO(T) is a framework that can help you
structure your definition of the issue, potential approach that you are going
to use, and your predictions related to the issue. Word choice is important in
the PICO(T) process because different word choices for similar concepts will
lead you toward different existing evidence and research studies that would
help inform the development of your initial question.When writing a
PICO(T)-formatted research question, you want to focus on the impact of the
intervention and the comparison on the outcome you desire.
Scenario
For this assessment, please use a health
careissue of interest from your current or past nursing practice.
If you do not have an issue of interest from
your personal nursing practice, then review the optional Case Studies presented
in the resources and select one of those as the basis for your assessment.
Instructions
For this assessment, select a health
careissue of interest and apply the PICO(T) process to develop the
research questionand research it.
Your initial goal is to define the population,
intervention, comparison, and outcome. In some cases, a time frame is relevant
and you should include that as well, when writing a question you can research
related to your issue of interest. After you define your question, research it,
and organize your initial findings, select the two sources of evidence that
seem the most relevant to your question and analyze them in more depth.
Specifically, interpret each sources specific findings and best practices
related to your issues, as well explain how the evidence would help you plan
and make decisions related to your question.
If you need some structure to organize your initial thoughts and
research, the PICOT Question and Research Template document (accessible from
the
page in the Capella librarys Evidence Based Practice guide) might be helpful. Creating aquestion
using the PICOT elements will provide a framework for the researchyou
need to conduct an evidence-based study or tomake an evidence-based
decision.
PICOT Elements:
(P)Population, Patients or
Problem: The sample of subjects used in a study, or the problem being
addressed.
(I)Intervention: The
treatment that will be provided to subjects enrolled in your study.
(C)Comparison or Control:
Identifies an alternative intervention or treatment to compare. Many
study designs refer to this as the control group. If an existing treatment is
considered the gold standard, then it should be the comparison group. A
control group is not required for every type of study.
(O)Outcome: The clinical
outcome thatmeasures the effectiveness of the intervention.
(T)Time: Duration of the data
collection. Some versions dont include this element, and time may not be
specified in cases where the question is focused on prediction
ordiagnoses.
PICOT Question Format
Examples:
Please be sure to check your assignment, as it
may direct you to use a different format.
Intervention:In
_______ (P), how does _______ (I) compared to _______ (C)
affect _______ (O) within _______ (T)?
Prognosis/Prediction:
In _______ (P), how does _______ (I) compared to _______ (C)
influence/predict _______ (O) over _______ (T)?
Diagnosis or Diagnostic test: In _______ (P) are/is _______ (I)
compared to _______ (C) more accurate in diagnosing _______ (O)?
Etiology:
Are _______ (P), who have _______ (I) compared to those without
_______ (C) at _______ risk for/of _______ (O) over _______ (T)?
Meaning:
How do_______ (P) with _______ (I) perceive _______ (O) during
_______ (T)?
ExamplePICOT
Questions:
For residents of long-term care
facilities (P), how does implementation of a hydration assessment tool (I)
compared to current practice (C) affect the number of hospital admissions
with the diagnosis of dehydration (O) during a three-month period (T)?
In acute care hospitals (P),
how does having a rapid response team (I) compared with not having a
response team (C) affect the number of cardiac arrests (O) during a
three-month period (T)?
In women with gestational
diabetes (P), how doesa monitored diet and exercise program over the
course of pregnancy(I &T), compareto the use of
metforminonly (C) reduce the incidence of high birth weight
babies(O)?
In patients admitted for acute
myocardial infarction (P), how well does the hospitals new data model
created from EMR data (I) compared to current practices (C) predict
readmission rates (O) within 30 days after initial discharge (T)?
For patients of a rural health
clinic (P), does the use of text message reminders(I), compared with
telephone calls(C) reduce the number of missed appointments (O) over
a six month period (T)?
In your submission, make sure you address the
following grading criteria:
Define a practice issue to
be explored via a PICO(T) approach.Create a PICO(T)-formatted
research question
Identify sources of evidence
that could be potentially effective in answering a PICO(T)
question(databases, journals, websites, etc.).
Explain the findings from
articles or other sources of evidence as it relates to the identified
health care issue.
Explain the relevance of the
findings from chosen sources of evidence to making decision related to a
PICO(T) question.
Communicate using writing
that is clear, logical, and professional with correct grammar and spelling
using the current APA style.
Example Assessment: You may use the following to give you an
idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look
like:
.
Additional Requirements
Your assessment should meet the following
requirements:
Length of submission:Create
a 35-page submission focused on defining a research question and
interpreting evidence relevant to answering it.
Number of references:Cite
a minimum of foursources of scholarly or professional evidence that
support your findings and considerations. Resources should be no more than
5 years old.
APA formatting:Format references and citations according to
the current APA style.
Portfolio Prompt:Remember to save the final assessment to
your ePortfolio so that you may refer to it as you complete the final capstone
course.
Competencies Measured
By successfully completing this assessment,
you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the
following assessment scoring guide criteria:
Competency 1: Interpret
findings from scholarly quantitative, qualitative, and outcomes research
articles and studies.
Explainthe findings
from articles or other sources of evidence that are relevant to the
health care issue.
Competency 2: Analyze the
relevance and potential effectiveness of evidence when making a decision.
Identify sources of
evidence that could be potentially effective in answering a PICO(T)
question.
Explain the relevance of the
findings from chosen sources of evidence to making decision related to a
PICO(T) question.
Competency 3: Apply an
evidence-based practice model to address a practice issue.
Define a practice issue to
be explored via a PICO(T) approach and develop a PICO(T)-formatted
research question.
Competency 5: Apply
professional, scholarly communication strategies to lead practice changes
based on evidence.
Organize content so ideas
flow logically with smooth transitions; contains few errors in
grammar/punctuation, word choice, and spelling.
Apply APA formatting to
in-text citations and references exhibiting nearly flawless adherence to
APA format.
