Reply to the below post with at least 450. The reply must be supported with 2 peer-reviewed articles and 1 bible verse.

Discussion on State Farms Dangerous Intersections
Identify the various constructs and concepts involved in the study.
Constructs are comprised of concepts which together define the construct. The construct itself is an abstract idea which is better defined by individual concepts with more objective and observable qualities (Schindler, P., 2022). In the State Farm study, the concept was a dangerous intersection. In studies conducted in 1998 trough 2001, the concepts used to operationally define a dangerous intersection first defined the intersection as simply intersecting roads, excluding highway intersects with roadways or on/off ramps. The second concept defined the nature of the accident making the intersection dangerous. The operative definition required a driver at fault to be State Farm insured, and an accident documented by an internal State Farm incident report. Finally, the third concept calculated the number of accidents for that intersection by weighting the occurrences of accidents by the percentage of local drivers insured by State Farm.
What hypothesis might drive the research of one of the cities on the top ten dangerous intersection list?
The limiting scope of the concepts defining the dangerous aspect of the construct lead to adding two additional concepts in the 2001 study. These two new concepts included the intersections traffic volume and the accident severity based upon the State Farm payout for each accident. The additional concepts permitted greater creativity formulating the causal hypothesis, the geometry of the intersection leads to a dangerous intersection. This causal hypothesis was captured in the text and referenced in note 2 (Schindler, P., 2022). Additionally, this hypothesis was researched through the use of a simulator by a few Australian universities and funded by Victorias state road authority and its accident commission (Stephens, A. et al 2016). The two new intersection designs proposed were evidence of innovative thinking and problem resolution.
Evaluate the methodology for State Farms research.
The methodology used in State Farms study was a single methodology with a minimalist approach. Documentation was explicitly internal and designed to limit research costs for the company. Its methodology was essentially a preliminary study used to identify dangerous intersections in various states and encourage further investigative research by the municipality owning the intersection. State Farm offered to subsidize additional research for a number of the ranking intersections. All external sources capable of providing additional metrics were eliminated as inconsistent. Variables associated with weather, traffic volume, and driver demographics were also ignored (Schindler, P., 2022). More thorough research incurs more costs but would have recognized concepts including environmental variables, driver demographics, and variables denying simple operational definition, like road characteristics and driver reactionary responses included in a more extensive study intended to develop car-mounted sensors to aid drivers (Fu, Y, et al, 2017). State Farms justifiable study intended for its findings to drive efforts to mitigate costs by implementing quick fixes to problem intersections (Krizan, W., 1999) and to foster public relations.
If you were State Farm, how would you address the concerns of transportation engineers?
The State Farm study could have addressed some concerns of the transportation engineers by categorizing the probable cause of the accidents and the severity (Schindler P., 2022). Intersections with higher incidents of severity would produce a demand signal for greater government funding. Secondly, some intersections identified in the study were engineered satisfactorily at the time of construction. As time passed, they became less adequate as traffic volume increased with population expansion making some formerly effective intersections more congested as noted by Hamilton Associates Vice President, Sany Zein, a consultant to State Farm (Krizan, W., 1999). Traffic safety engineering consultants like Zein could have also reviewed study findings with John Nepomuceno, State Farms safety engineer, and offered low-cost solutions to the regional departments of transportation. Properly identifying probable cause may have avoided focusing blame on engineering design, but continuous improvement should be a stalwart in all organizations. The State Farm study identified areas for improvement. Pride and a rebellious spirit inhibit continuous improvement, but they also identify potential candidates for removal or replacement (New American Bible Revised Edition, 1970/2010, Deuteronomy 21:18).
If you were State Farm, would you use traffic volume counts as part of the 2003 study? What concerns, other than those expressed by Nepomuceno, do you have?
There are a number of studies to connect traffic volume to the occurrence of accidents (Retallack, A. & Ostendorf, B., 2020). The challenge with traffic volume is its relational effect on traffic accidents lacks linearity. Additionally, traffic lane and shoulder width, road curve radii, speed relative to speed limit, and driver demographics all interrelate with the degree of adversity imposed by traffic volume on the rate of accident occurrence (Abdel-Aty, M. & Radwan, A., 2000). While the inclusion of traffic volume and a host of other important variables would improve granularity to a studys findings, the benefit would add cost but little additional return to the goal of State Farms Study, which is to heighten community awareness and encourage municipalities diligence in traffic intersection design (Krizan, W., 1999).
References
Abdel-Aty, M. & Radwan, A. (2000). Modeling Traffic Accident Occurrence and Involvement.
Accident Analysis & Prevention. Volume 32, Issue 5, September 2000, Pages 633-642. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001- 4575(99)00094-9
Fu, Y., Li, L., Luan, T., Zhang, Y., & Mao, G. (2017). Infrastructure-cooperative Algorithm for
Effective Intersection Collision Avoidance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2018.02.003
Krizan, W. (1999). State Farm Offers Cash to Design Fix for Dangerous Intersections.
Engineering News Record. NEWS SITE; Roads; Vol. 243, No. 3; Pg. 14
New American Bible Revised Edition. (2010). NABRE application. https://play.google.com/
store/apps /dev?id=7507170841118710284. (Original work published 1970)
Retallack, A. & Ostendorf, B. (2020). Relationship Between Traffic Volume and Accident
Frequency at Intersections. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020 Feb; 17(4): 1393. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041393
Schindler, P. (2022). Business Research Methods, Fourteenth Edition. McGraw Hill LLC Stephens, A., Beanland, V.,
Candappa, N., Mitsopoulos-Rubens, E., Corben, B., & Lenn, M.
(2016). A Driving Potential Speed Reductions Using Two Innovative Designs for Signalised Urban Intersections.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2016.09.022

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